Shaking of the earth’s surface, caused by rapid movements of the earth’s rocky outer layer is known as an earthquake and earthquakes occur when energy stored within the earthis suddenly released. From the Greek “seismos – to shake” the term Seismology is the Scientific study of earthquakes. Just as astronomy and mathematics were assiduously studied in ancient India Seismology also received due attention from the very early days. The ancient Indians observed the cause and effects of earthquakes and made attempts to explain the phenomenon. In the Ṛgveda there are many hymns pointing to the tremors of earth. It says that as Marut are held responsible for causing earthquakes. In Atharvaveda and in Sāmaveda, also contain references to earthquakes. In the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata, allusions to the occurrence of earthquakes are mentioned. During the period of the Purāṇas, ancient Indians had acquired sufficient knowledge of volcanoes, volcanic eruptions and allied phenomena. When the mythical facts symbolically interpreted then there is sufficient ground to support that the mythical facts contained some scientific truths also. Viṣṇu Purāṇa gives the cause of earthquake and we find information about volcanic mountains in the Brahma, Matsya, Markaṇḍeya and Śivapurāṇa. The knowledge of earthquakes gleaned not only from the Vedas, Epic and Purāṇas, but also from our ancient astronomers like Garga, Vṛddhagarga and so on. Their explanations are a mixture of both astrological and scientific. Through this paper an attempt is made to interpret the old texts concerning natural phenomena and to know about the separate branch of Geology or Science.